Irritable Bowel Syndrome ( IBS)

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder of the digestive system that mainly affect the large intestine (colon). It does not cause structural damage but leads to a group of symptoms that often come and go. 

Causes

The exact cause is not clear, but factors include: 

1. Abnormal gut motility ( too fast or too slow movements of the intestine).

2. Increased gut sensitivity ( Visceral hypersensitivity)

3. Stress , Anxiety , Depression.

4. Food Intolerance ( e.g. dairy , gluten, fatty foods).

5. Hormonal Changes ( more common in women)

6. Post - Infection changes ( after severe Gastroenteritis).


Types of IBS

1. IBS - C : Constipation predominant 

2. IBS -D : Diarrhoea - Predominant 

3. IBS - M : Alternating diarrhoea and Constipation).

4. IBS - U : Unclassified.


Symptoms 

1. Abdominal Pain or Cramping  (relieved by passing stool and gas).

2. Altered Bowel habits : Constipation , diarrhoea or both.

3. Bloating and Gas.

4. Mucus in stool.

5. Feeling of incomplete evacuation.

 Management 

1. IBS has not permanent cure, but symptoms can be managed with lifestyle, diet and sometimes meditations.

Diet and Lifestyle 

1. Low fodmap diet ( avoid fermantable carbs like beans, onion , garlic, certain fruits).

2. Eat small , regular meals.

3. Increase soluble fiber (oats , Psyllium) in IBS-C.

4. Stay hydrated.

5. Limit caffeine, alcohol and spicy / oily food.

6. Regular exercise.

7. Stress management ( Yoga , meditation, counselling)


Fodmap stands : Fermantable, oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols.

These are types of carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed in the small Intestines and fermented by bacteria in large intestine, potentially causing digestive distress.



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